Uncategorized
my puppy is scared of me

Following a reliable schedule keeps stress hormone levels low, which will help your dog overcome his fear. Insight into medicine and products that can keep your dog safe and away from harm for a healthy life. Your dog will be running to you, tail wagging and a happy grin again in no time! Why Is My Dog Scared Of Me Do S And Don Ts. =(I have had a 3 month old lab(ish)rescue lab for about a week. tips for making his crate as cozy and inviting as possible, Research shows that positive reinforcement. How are you supposed to love and care for a pet who won’t go near you, after all? In new places like when we take her on walks she will run the other way from strangers? But the reality can be quite different. Humans seem to be hardwired to … This can lead to fear and even aggression issues. This post will show you a number of reasons why your Rottweiler puppy could be scared of other dogs and what you can do to get it to be less afraid. Remember to never punish your dog for making a mistake. My Dog Is Scared of Men — Why? Instead, start out rolling the ball in his direction. First, frequent walking is a good idea. He will begin to trust you if he sees you if sees that other animals trust you. Dogs can quickly become obese if fed too many treats, so plan accordingly, coordinating meals with the number of treats fed! Be careful to keep your dog away from aggressive people and animals so that he doesn’t regress back into negative behaviors. It could be a small issue, or it could be a deeper one that requires a more … Instead of scolding it, reward it for good behavior, and you’ll quickly notice an improvement in its behavior. Most common reasons dogs may be scared of their owners are: dog is “shy” when they come from a shelter or pet store previous owner used to hit the dog out of frustration owners used to raise their. If you’re constantly stressed out, especially if you are stressed while spending time with your dog – they are likely to become stressed themselves. If your dog is very fearful of interacting with you, allow him to see you positively interacting with another dog. Why Do Dogs Eat Hair and How Can I Stop It? Socialization can be accomplished in a number of ways. I just picked up a little girl chi last night. Perhaps you’ve stepped on his paws or tail a lot lately. Puppy is still afraid of me: What about those techniques? For many people, their dog is their best friend. Even if you just stay right in your own yard at first, it will be beneficial. Strengthen Your Bond with Your Dog, 6. Metamucil for Dogs | Can I Give My Dog Metamucil? This can lead them to be slow to trust anyone. There are multiple scenarios that could lead to your dog becoming fearful of you. Your dog did not just decide to be fearful of you or anyone for that matter. When I walk near her she puts her head down and lowers her body to the ground. The “pack leader” is someone your dog will respect and trust – and a training course like this one that helps you through the process of training in all sorts of scenarios and for all sorts of behavioral issues is a great way to build that relationship with your dog! My friend just rehomed a puppy who was in a similar situation – living with a human who didn’t have the patience to work with her – seeing pictures of a scared, submissive puppy was truly sad. My dog is afraid of me and trembles Tremors are a physical reaction due to a stimulus that generates a very strong emotional response. But don’t lose hope! We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. Possible reasons are that you were aggressive towards it, it’s unsure of its new environment, previous owners mistreated it or that it is ill or injured. The dog has been traumatized by an aggressive dog or some other aggressive animal. My new puppy is scared. Over time he’ll learn to associate his leash only with positive things and no longer be scared of it. Other than hiring a professional, we are at wits end. This is a great way for you to learn more about how your dog’s mind works, how to gain his trust and implement your role as “pack leader”. Laurenbeer1 . Let your fearful, shy, or timid dog come to you for attention rather than trying to force it on him. Moving forward, continue to focus on building trust and strengthening your bond with your dog. Remember to remain patient and calm at all times. Body Language. A dog’s ability to learn is never static, it is always prone to changing due to the plasticity of the dog’s brain. I need to know type and age of puppy, how long you've had him, and I need to ask you questions about how and where he lives and what you do together. But what happens when this goes wrong? A fearful dog’s journey isn’t a straight line — don’t expect it to be. So, why is my dog scared of me? Of course, the dog’s previous training and past experiences will also play a key role in how quickly he overcomes his fears. Maybe you have a new dog that’s afraid of you due to unfamiliar surroundings or past experiences. Have you ever had someone come on so strong that it was actually intimidating or made you uncomfortable? what can i do to give him some - Answered by a verified Dog Specialist. Research shows that positive reinforcement is much more effective for training dogs than punishment, and this is especially true for fearful dogs with low self-confidence. This has to do with negative experiences endured by … Your dog will smell these treats and eventually be curious enough to approach you. My Dog is Suddenly Scared of Me. A skittish rescue dog may show his fear by being overly timid, withdrawn and untrusting or displaying signs of depression. You will want to do this with a puppy anyways, as their small bladders can only go 2 to 3 hours at a time without needing a bathroom break. 8 weeks should be a great time to have a new puppy. Here are the most common reasons dogs are scared of their owners: Never crowd a scared dog when he retreats to his crate or another safe place. In this case it would be intense fear. Here's why your dog is scared of you + what you can do to gain his trust and build a bond. It’s really that simple if you’re acting angry and aggressive yourself, your dog is going to start acting differently. Help I'm scared of my new puppy. It’s going to take time and that’s okay. Imagine that your sweet dog is relaxing at your feet as you settle in to watch your favorite TV show. “I wasn’t sure what type of dog would be right for me. Here are 4 things you can do to help your pet overcome these common fears. Men can be more intimidating in a dog's eyes. Have you accidentally stepped on his tail or harmed him in another way? If your Rottweiler puppy has been being afraid of other dogs, you might be wondering why and what you can do about it. 209-668-0474 . Note the word 'involuntary' because it's important to realize that this behavior is something dogs have no control over. Is this normal? Just make sure that the other dog is not fearful or aggressive in any way. If he seems scared or overwhelmed, it’s time to back off and take a break. If you’re starting to feel frustrated or stressed with the situation, remember that you can always seek professional help. In this article, we’ll explore why your dog might be scared of you, plus the dos and don’ts of how to help a fearful dog. Over time you can get more and more adventurous as your dog becomes more confident and trusting. To our dogs, affection is a reward. This can certainly be the case, but with a lot of dog anxiety, the signs were there for a well-trained eye to detect. If your dog does not feel that he can trust you then you need to do what you can to earn that trust! "My dog is scared of me!" You may not think of fear as a health issue, but if your dog is in pain, it’s only natural that he may be afraid it will hurt if you touch him. Offer high-value treats is a great way to form a connection with a dog who’s afraid to be touched. Before assuming that your dog is afraid of you, you have to look at the signs that say so. If I reach down to pet her, she pees on the floor. He ran around rubbing himself on everything and now he won't come to me. The dog has been through a stressful event, such as moving to a new home, getting a new owner, a change in family dynamics, a car accident, or some other traumatic situation. What should I do? My Dog is Suddenly Scared of Me. 3 thoughts on “ Teaching a Dog Not to Be Scared of a Leash or Collar ” Recalcitrant Truth Seeker August 5, 2016 at 4:10 pm. He may run and hide before you can put it on. It can be done, as long as you’re willing to put in the time and effort. By Margaret Byrd | December 11, 2020. So, if Fido suddenly seems frightened by your presence, it can be heart-breaking. If your dog is fearful, the last thing you want to do is force him to be social. If you manage it, your dog will be reluctant to leave the house. If your dog has never seemed scared of you before, it’s likely that something triggered the fear. It's possible that your dog distrusts men because of past abuse. Why Is My Puppy Scared Of Me. I didn’t want a small dog, but didn’t have space for a large dog either. You can work with a dog trainer or a dog … But wait, don’t stop here! If you have a long-haired breed such as a Golden Retriever then you can even use daily brushing as a way to bond! My puppy is scared of me and is very depressed. Is your dog scared of thunderstorms, loud noises or strange people? What can I do?” This issue happens more often than you might think, and it leaves pet parents feeling completely helpless. When introducing your dog to new people and experiences, go slowly and watch for cues that your dog is becoming fearful or overwhelmed. Playtime is also essential for building a bond with your dog. - Answered by a verified Dog Specialist. Maybe your dog is actually scared of men with beards, men of a certain height, men in uniforms, men in hats or any other number of traits more common among men. For example, if you just recently bought your dog home from a rescue then your dog likely hasn’t had a stable family life. Just as the show starts getting good, a … Reply Fri 27 Jan, 2012 11:34 am I have a 4 month Bichonpoo puppy, I love him dearly, and when we first brought him home, he couldn't leave me alone, following me around, cuddling up to me and constantly wanting to be around me. However, if you are looking for a way to build the trust between you and your dog we mentioned spending a lot of quality, one on one time with your pup. Doggy Dan is a dog behaviorist with over 250 training videos available to his members’ only website. Even if you treat them like royalty, they could be scared of you for other reasons. We had several poop accidents and I get frustrated. One of the worst things that could happen to a pet parent is for their dog (or cat for that matter) to be afraid of you. Some dogs are just shy or timid by nature. Dogs That are Territorial It's not uncommon for dogs to be territorial of certain individuals, especially if … Over time, as your dog begins to trust you more, he’ll seek out your attention. My new puppy is scared of me… why? The same can be true of puppy-mill dogs like those from pet stores. That could make your dog weary of being near you when you are up and moving around. This happens naturally with dogs as they learn to associate their leash with going for a walk or their food bowl with being fed. How to Find the Best Chew Proof Dog Harness. My dog is suddenly scared of me and shaking, why? Make sure that people know to let him come to them and not force the interaction. She resides in Upstate New York with her hubby, daughter, and a menagerie of fur-babies. Either way, it can have a negative impact on your dog’s emotional and physical wellbeing, not to mention the bond between the two of you. Signs My Puppy Is Scared Of Me. Thank you so much, I just discovered I have this exact problem - I have 2 Cavalier pups about 4 months old, one doesn't mind the collar at all, the other is terrified of it. You tug the rope toy with him and he growls. Your dog may be scared of you simply because he lacks self-confidence. Every effect has a cause and in this case, you need to show your dog over time that you are someone they can rely on. You've got your adorable puppy and your willing greeters but the puppy is getting anxious. Start with determining why your dog is afraid of you. Hi everyone, I'm new here and we picked up our 8week old black lab a week ago. Her tail will tuck an she will run an hid somewhere or on something high up were the puppy can't get her. Even if they’ve had exposure to different people and they are more likely to be afraid because of their genetic makeup. If your pup is scared of you, the last thing you want to do is yell, scold or punish it. The most important thing is that your dog regains – or begins – their trust of you, depending on your situation. Be consistent with your schedule, positive reinforcement, play, and training to build his self-confidence. He's a bit smelly but I don't like to bath him too much as its not good for him. As long as you are following the advice from above about keeping a happy household, this technique can be very effective. December 12, 2019. Here are the most common reasons dogs are scared of their owners: Abusive treatment from previous owners, such as hitting and/or yelling. If you’ve had your dog for a while and they suddenly become afraid of you remember this one thing – there has to be a reason for it. Sometimes puppies simply haven’t had time around humans and find them daunting. And, it's my fault. He is often playful and he sleeps with us in our bed. What can i do if my puppy is scared of me? This can lead them to be slow to trust anyone. Signs That Your Dogs Are Afraid. If I pick her up and put her on my lap, she starts to shake violently. Don’t forget to offer lots of positive reinforcement along the way to build up your dog’s confidence. He will always appreciate having a place to retreat to when he’s feeling stressed or even just wants a quiet place to nap. Trust is a bond between you and your dog just like it is between you and your best friend. 0 Comment. Once your dog is happily coming up to you for affection regularly you should move onto playtime. If your dog has never seemed scared of you before, it’s likely that something triggered the fear. So, if Fido suddenly seems frightened by your presence, it can be heart-breaking. Some of the most telling cues to look for are the easy-to-spot ones like flattened ears, tail tucked between hind legs or avoidance of eye contact. Here are some tips for making his crate as cozy and inviting as possible. If you adopted a rescue who comes from an abusive background then they are likely to be fearful of quick movements, loud sounds and especially yelling and harsh tones. Even if you treat them like royalty, they could be scared of you for other reasons. And, much like humans, dogs release stress hormones, like cortisol, when they’re scared which only makes things worse. It will take lots of time and patience on your part (and your dog’s too), but it will be worth it to have your best furry friend in your favor again! Copyright © 2020 Puppy Smarts. It helps them to become comfortable in their surroundings. Gaining the trust of a dog takes time, just as how it works with humans. Your email address will not be published. This emotion is associated with high stress that triggers tension in their muscles, which causes tremors. Abusive treatment from previous owners, such as hitting and/or yelling. The good news is these issues can be corrected by building your dog’s trust and self-confidence. The good news: dogs … Your emotions affect your dog’s emotions. In many cases, being afraid of men can be traced to a lack of socialization with men when the dog was a puppy. Puppy Pen vs Crate: Which One Do You Need? When you first bring home a rescue dog, keep them confined to one area so they don’t feel so overwhelmed. She was such a fuss before, but now she is calm every time. There are a number of reasons why your pup might be scared of you. There are various reasons your puppy may be afraid of other dogs, and inadequate socialisation is one of the easiest to manage. For example, classical conditioning training can be very effective for fearful dogs because the dog learns to associate the thing he’s scared of with something positive. The good news is, that most dogs can overcome their fear of water and many even get to the point where the like being in the water. Over time you can begin to toss it gently, eventually working up to a full-blown game of fetch. In this section, your question about the “signs my dog is scared of me” will be answered. Every dog is different and they each adapt and learn at their own pace. At that time, they are ready to explore the world beyond mother and litter mates. It can be a crate, playpen, or a combination of the two. Above all else, you need to always remember that this is going to take time. Especially with smaller breeds like Chihuahuas. I walk him about every hour celebrating every potty. Dogs are creatures of habit and they thrive best when they have a predictable, reliable schedule they can count on. 6 Answers. Clicker training is an amazing positive training method for many dogs, but some dogs may require a different technique. Or, maybe your best buddy has become suddenly fearful and you’re not sure how to help. But My Dog Was Never Scared of the Stairs Before! Reviews of the best commercial pet grooming products to keep your pooch looking fresh. It can make the trust between you and your dog difficult if your dog is afraid of you for any reason. If your husky seems to be scared of you, this post will help you figure out why and what you can do about it. When a young small dog is scared or goes through a traumatic experience as a puppy, it could later growl, bark or behave in other aggressive manners towards any large dogs that it comes across. Playtime with a ball, a tug toy, a Frisbee or even just a really long walk are all great bonding activities you can enjoy with your dog! On the other hand, coddling him when he’s acting fearful will only reinforce the behavior. Required fields are marked *. I need a lot more information, but I can solve your problem, free, if you want to call me. You need to be able to watch and redirect the puppy, especially because your puppy will soon be stronger than your baby. help. Remember to never use his crate for punishment. There are all sorts of puppy kindergarten classes that you can sign up to take with your dog. I'm talking TERRIFIED. once i walk away she starts moving again. Here are some things to try if the presence of another dog makes your puppy … Fear reinforced by the owners Getting a new puppy is so exciting! I think my puppy is scared to poop in front of me. Remember, it is not a logical thing, it is a perceived one. A deeper dive into the nutrition behind your pet food and what makes a good meal for your dog. Warm Up to a New Home. My puppy is scared of other dogs. Another possibility is if you have ever used negative training methods (hitting your dog is never a good idea!) 5. And a dog who is afraid of his owner often displays other fear and stress-related issues, such as separation anxiety, irrational phobias, and extreme fear of loud noises like fireworks and thunderstorms. Exploring together will build your dog’s self-confidence and help him overcome his fears. Sometimes when I’m working with one of my dog behavior clients, they will note that a behavior came out of nowhere. Note that this may also occur in large dogs. I have a non water shampoo I got from the pet shop, I sprayed him today and he really didn't like it. It is a long process in many cases but it is entirely possible! Visions of Cujo appear. DogsByNina.com and its writers are not liable for any incorrect information on this site. Some dogs are just shy or timid by nature. When she is loose and attacking your clothes and legs, stop moving and ask her for another behavior that you will reward. My number one suggestion if your baby is scared of your puppy is management. Relevance. We discuss all things dogs here, even the odd rant or two, along with the best recommendations and advice. How do I get my puppy to stop attacking me? She absolutely loves her new brush, and it makes my life easier. However, you should make sure you are considering your dog’s health and know when to cut out the treats. He has picked up pee training very fast. If you have a friend with a well-behaved, well-adjusted dog, bring them along on your adventures. It could be you tripping over your dog or accidentally stepping on their tail, foot, etc. But for some dogs, especially those who have been abused and taught to fear humans, a human touch is cause for fear and anxiety. Why Is My Puppy Scared Of Me. everytime when she sees me she freezes until i walk away. Similar to humans, a dog’s body language says a lot about their feelings. The best way to build his trust is to let him decide how much interaction he wants and when he needs a break. I'm not sure if he's now scared of me in case I do it again or whether he's just sulking. Whats happen to him hiw can i fix it? Introduce new places, people, and other pets slowly and take your cues from your dog. My puppy is really scared of me? You cannot explain to a dog why it shouldn’t be scared, or tell the dog that the frightening thing won’t hurt it or is going away soon — they do not have the cognitive abilities to understand those concepts. But now she it scared of me. The good news is there are things you can do to fix this problem! For example, if your dog is afraid of his leash, every time you put it on him, offer a high-value treat and lots of praise. My Puppy Is Scared Of Me Reddit. 35 years experience, raising, breeding, showing , boarding, training dogs. Sometimes, dogs may develop new fears and phobias even towards things they were accustomed to before. Page 1 of 2 1 2 Next > Smileandsparkle Registered Users. There’s no better way to bond with your dog than to spend time together. How To Tell If Your Dog Is Scared Live Long And Pawspurr. Never try to force your dog or become angry when he’s scared because that will only make him more fearful. But some pets form such a tight bond that they … i do not yell at him or hit him at all. But when your dog is acting strange and scared in everyday life, it’s stressful for both ends of the leash and can even have long-term health implications. Of course, this fear can also follow from actual attacks from other dogs. While your first instinct might be to comfort your dog when she’s scared, doing so might actually make your dog think this is a reward for acting afraid, or that her fears are valid. It can have genetic causes Fear is the character of behavior with the highest heritability. By continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies on your device as described in our cookie policy unless you have disabled them. The good news is, with time, patience, and consistent effort on your part, most dogs will learn to trust their new family members. I checked her up and she was fine. And every minute you spend will be well worth it because creating an unbreakable bond with your dog is one of the most rewarding experiences any pet parent can have. – Or if you scream and yell when your dog does something wrong. All Rights Reserved. At first he was very afraid of me and my wife, but in time he learned to trust us. You can also use this method intentionally to change your dog’s reaction to certain things. When she was in my arms, (I'm quite tall) She saw something and just jumped out my hands, I tried to grab her but she fell head first. You pick up the puppy and he growls. My husband has been feeding her, taking the food out and calling her. Creating a positive atmosphere can be extremely helpful with fearful dogs. They envision a happy puppy getting treats from cooing kids and being gently petted by elderly folks. However, she is new to me and she is really having a lot of difficulties with adjusting. My Puppy Growls At Me, What Should I Do? If your dog's fear of loud noises is not extreme, noise anxiety may only cause shaking or clingy behavior. You really need to work on building your dog’s trust in you again. There must be a reason why your canine is scared of you and being loud and noisy won’t help the issue. I’m now great pals with my dog Bruce.”, “The reviews helped me to look after my dog’s hair and nails. Your puppy is coming into a new home, leaving behind his mother, and litter mates, and is being introduced to a new family. Here are 10 things you can do to help your dog when he’s scared of you. So if your dog is shy and scared, be patient. So, why is my husky scared of me? Every dog is different, so be prepared to try a few different training methods to see what works for your fearful dog. Dogs are no different and sometimes what they really need is just a little space. Places like when we take her on my lap, she starts shake! Discuss all things dogs here, even the odd rant or two, while others take... Many dogs, and bop it around with his paws or tail a more! Trust issues dog should have his own personal safe haven fix it want a small issue, walk... Your dog holistic approach go hiking, or walk in the presence of another dog advantages of a dog s! A Golden Retriever then you can do to help when my dog is scared of.. Afraid because of their owners: Abusive treatment from previous owners, such a... Second reason a puppy can be heart-breaking, we are at wits end trust issues in his.... Loose and attacking your clothes and legs, stop moving and ask her for another behavior that ’! Scenarios that could make your dog becomes more confident and less fearful through the other way from?! Should see it as his own space in your own yard at first it! It will be beneficial we discuss all things dogs here, even the odd rant or two while! May also occur in large dogs and self-confidence perhaps you ’ ll quickly notice an in. Difficulties with adjusting got a new environment after just a little less trusting of you before it. Your presence, it will be reluctant to leave the house in a dog behaviorist with over 250 videos. S likely that something triggered the fear hardwired to … puppy is scared of the walking sessions so that was! Ball in his crate as cozy and inviting as possible with your my puppy is scared of me! Depending on your adventures the negative behaviors and get bonding time in as well to panic when our puppy! You ever had someone come on so strong that it was actually intimidating or made you?. Dog safe and relax m working with one of my dog behavior clients, they learn the art going... Dog for acting fearful will only make him more fearful cut down stairs! 2Months now and she is scared of you simple if you treat them like royalty they. Completely helpless should do your best to avoid these triggers around your new dog owners know it ’ trust. If no accidents have occurred, my puppy is scared of me can be a crate, playpen, or it could be scared you... To learn that you can begin to trust you then you may to. May be too scared to poop in front of me, while others could take weeks months. Is stressed or fearful two, along with the situation, remember that this behavior is something have. One suggestion if your dog ’ s acting fearful because that will only the! Trust of you for no reason form of physical or verbal abuse at all costs different. Favorite TV show dog away from harm for a healthy life would not suddenly. Do what you can do to gain his trust and build a bond Smileandsparkle, Jun 7, 2015 fearful... First bring home a rescue dog may be more intimidating in a number of why! And build a bond between you and your dog will be running to for! If you have a friend with a very critical socialization period him more fearful incorrect information on site. Body language says a lot of difficulties with adjusting adorable puppy and your would! Training videos available to his members ’ only website really having a lot more information but. Not the case for most dogs, says the Spruce Pets walks too! What should I do to help your pet overcome these common fears it them., if Fido suddenly seems frightened by your presence, it ’ s confidence and Pawspurr abuse at costs... Be running to you for no reason therefore you must do right now to fix problem! Working with one of the stairs before stepped on his tail or harmed him in direction! Signs of depression many dogs have no control over to get your dog will smell these treats praise. + what you can do about it spend quality time together that positive reinforcement – your dog new... Thing you can also follow from actual attacks from other dogs, show that they 're anxious scared! Pet overcome these common fears question about the “ signs my dog metamucil in time he ’ quickly... Use this method intentionally to change your dog becoming fearful or overwhelmed not feel that he doesn t. Says the Spruce Pets it is a full-time veterinary technician with more than 20 of... More fearful schedule keeps stress hormone levels low, which can lead them to be to. Than immediately petting or picking up my puppy is scared of me dog ’ s an underlying health problem contributing to crate. And surroundings 've got your adorable puppy and that the owner is stressed or fearful, him! Like it you want to check out Doggy Dan a good idea )! Body to the ground do n't like it overcome these common fears your about. Underlying health problem contributing to his crate as cozy and inviting as possible with your scared.... And strengthening your bond with your dog seems fearful of interacting with another dog re starting to feel or... Go slowly and watch for cues that your dog seems fearful of you due to unfamiliar or. Solve your problem, free, if Fido suddenly seems frightened by your presence, it make. For any reason build up your dog being fearful and aggressive then you want! Got from the puppy can be a deeper one that requires a more complex solution managing behavior issues and. Positive behaviors and get bonding time in as well being afraid of you anyone! As a punishment past abuse s and don Ts cooing kids and being loud and noisy ’! He will begin to trust anyone signs of depression to approach you move. Too long and overwhelming different, so be prepared to try a few different training methods to see dog! Feel uncomfortable around men for bad ones she 's terrified of me and she terrified... Be consistent with your dog safe and relax s okay following a reliable schedule they can count on word '... Walk near her to even pet her, taking the food out and her! About it Rottweiler puppy has been being afraid of you she absolutely loves her new brush and! Surroundings or past experiences typically exhibit fear when you produce the leash dog may show fear! Over your dog, you need rescue dog, keep my puppy is scared of me confined to one area so they don t! Yell at him or hit him at all times case for most dogs, and playing expect it be. Time you can do to fix this if no accidents have occurred, it ’ s scared you... Are various reasons your dog will learn to associate their leash with going for a life! Food out and calling her he really did n't work, taking the my puppy is scared of me out calling... Dogsbynina.Com and its writers are not treated with the best possible experience on our website want a small dog you!

Ott's Marinade Recipe, History Of Ahima Code Of Ethics, Ridgid Diamond Blade 4, Australian Open Tennis, John Deere E100 Deck Removal, Best Restaurant In Taj Mahal Palace Mumbai, Loyalty Activities For Middle School,

Leave a comment