}, Aerolight wheelchair ramps are portable ramps that are designed to be set up as and when required and should not be left out unattended. If you are looking to install a wheelchair ramp in a small space where you currently have steps, then you may need to look at a different type of ramp. Basically 8.33%. },{ Ramp design • the recommended maximum ramp gradient is 1:20, although steeper gradients of up to 1:10 may be acceptable over short distances; • the recommended minimum width of a ramp to accommodate all types and abilities of user is 1200mm. Any routes that include a gradient are potentially hazardous and exhausting to people with limited mobility. if each step is 4 inches high and you have 2 steps then the total rise is 8 inches. Placing a ramp over standard stairs will make the gradient too steep. A totally new concept, the Permaramp range is designed to be easily adjusted and fixed down or left in place for all types of thresholds. If The impact of COVID-19 on heat pump markets. ", (Section 6.9) it is important that the surface of an approach available to a wheelchair user should be firm enough to support the weight of the user and his or her wheelchair and smooth enough to permit easy manoeuvre. Ramp Calculator Our interactive ramp calculator is a great tool to determine the gradient and best size ramp for your needs. "text": "Most of our wheelchair ramps can be purchased online but we strongly recommend you speak to us 1st to ensure you buy the correct ramp." There is a minimum slope of a ramp as well. 3. This could mean that an employer may need to make some changes to a building or premises to take account of the disabled person's needs.'. It should take account of the needs of stock and crutch users. "name": "Are Access Appraisals Ltd wheelchair ramps DDA compliant? Wheelchair Ramps For Small Business and The Service Sector, Length of ramp required to comply with UK Building Regulations, Demonstrating A Modular Wheelchair Ramp System, Best Wheelchair Ramps for Fire Exits and Egress Routes. above, the physical effort of getting up the slope would be too much for many wheelchair users and . The other side of this phenomenon occurs at the bottom of ramps. Independent living. Essentially the load height x 3.3, gives you your ramp length. "mainEntity": [{ Calculating the length of wheelchair ramp required is very easy. Most of our wheelchair ramps can be purchased online but we strongly recommend you speak to us 1st to ensure you buy the correct ramp. } ramp gradient should be no steeper than 1 in 10, or 1 in 7 for smaller residential developments; Gradients of 1 in 20 or more are required for the first 5m back from the back edge of the public highway. The Ramp Peoples threshold ramps are among the UK's bestselling portable access ramps and are used extensively by the NHS, nursing homes and other industries. Best Wheelchair Ramps for Restaurants, Cafés, etc. ", "text": "It depends on whether the wheelchair ramp has to comply to building regulations, if so it is anything from a 1:12 gradient to a 1:20 gradient depending on the height and purpose of the ramp to find out more read Part M of the building regulations." Gradients can be calculated by dividing the vertical height by the horizontal distance. Note: UK Building regulations are slightly different with regard Dwellings and other building, these recommendations are for “Buildings Other Than Dwellings”. Furthermore no TUV Certified Ramp is designed to exceed this gradient. k. all landings are level, subject to a maximum gradient of 1:60 along their length and a maximum cross fall gradient of 1:40; m. there is a kerb on the open side of any ramp or landing at least 100mm high, which contrasts visually with the ramp or landing in addition to … Wheelchair Ramp Gradient Calculator . "@type": "Question", ", Also, tension, friction and energy can be reduced as well, if some heavy objects are moved using a ramp. However, this is a guideline, and not a legal requirement. Simply measure the total rise required i.e. Note: 10m is the maximum length a ramp should be before including a level resting platform of 1.5m minimum length. Stepped access – key dimensions and use of hazard warning surface 21 5. Click Here for Further Information on the Permaramp Adjust. For example, we have a 10m ramp run and a … It is essential to consider slope together with distance as sometimes a slightly steeper gradient over a shorter length may be preferred to a very long ramp. For a less steep gradient you will need more room in front of where your steps are. This is a UK website and asks what is the steepest gradient acceptable for a wheelchair ramp. It also states that 'where the gradient of the approach, whether over its whole length or in part, is 1:20 or steeper, that part of the approach should be designed as ramped access.'. A wheelchair ramp will comply with Part M of Building Regulations if it; We are often asked questions about wheelchair ramps, Below are some of those frequently asked questions. How the pub has changed dramatically since 1960. Furthermore, the Equality Act 2010 requires that 'reasonable adjustments' are made when providing access to goods, facilities, services and premises. ", Projections made for 2020 to 2030 markets. "acceptedAnswer": { "name": "What should the gradient be for a wheelchair ramp in the UK? gradient. Gradient is a measure of how steep a slope or a line is. The gradient, slope or steepness of a ramp is the angular relationship between its rise (vertical height) and its horizontal projection or length (run), often expressed as a ratio. To find out the length of ramp required to create a 1:8 gradient please enter height of step below. For plant ramps Health & Safety we recommend that no gradient greater than 30% (16.5 degrees) should be used. Home of 2030 winners congratulated by BRE. },{ },{ (Section 6.15-a) Has a surface width which is firm and even 3. My Polling Station Isn’t Accessible – What Can I Do? Creative specifications for performance and aesthetic benefits. Has top and bottom landings no less than 1.2m and intermediate, Has 100mm high raised kerbs to any open side of ramp or landings. A: It is better to choose the longest ramp possible that suits the space it needs to fit into , your ability to lift /store/move it & within the budget you want to spend. "@type": "Answer", We quite often receive requests for wheelchair ramps from people who don’t really know how long the ramp should be. Disclaimer: Viva Access does not accept responsibility for the accuracy of this calculator and all calculations should be checked by the user against applicable regulations. A simple calculation for finding out ramp lengths is to multiple the height by the ratio. "@type": "Question", Steps should be provided as well as a ramp unless one of the following criteria can be fulfilled: Dear Sir: please include the relationship between the color of the floor for each surface: the ramp and the horizontal floor, the degree of the difference in color as contrast to avoid confusion thanks! } Any gradient steeper than 1:20 is considered a ramp and should be designed accordingly (see ramps and steps). Simply enter in two out of three values and click 'Calculate', it … Get the Firefox add-on to access 20,000 definitions direct from any website, Share your construction industry knowledge, Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki, Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, Access and inclusion in the built environment: policy and guidance, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Ramps. "name": "What is the best wheelchair ramp for a shop? Carrying out the slope calculations can be very helpful in different situations that range from making sure that the water flow runs exactly off a particular surface. ", As a general rule when using portable wheelchair ramps most ramp manufacturers recommend a gradient no steeper than 1:12 for independent use and 1:8 for assisted use over shorter distances. Ramps are sloped pathways used both inside and outside buildings used to provide access between vertical levels. "text": "The DDA has been replaced by the equality act, there are no set regulations for portable wheelchair ramps but wheelchair ramps can be used as an auxiliary aid when it is reasonable to do so." The Aerolight Xtra is favoured my most shop staff, service providers and small businesses who require portable wheelchair ramps. It depends on whether the wheelchair ramp has to comply to building regulations, if so it is anything from a 1:12 gradient to a 1:20 gradient depending on the height and purpose of the ramp to find out more read Part M of the building regulations. "text": "A lot depends on the location, if the shop is on the high street with a public pavement outside the best type of wheelchair ramp is one that folds away when not in use and is light and easy to set up. Wheelchair ramp regulations can be met in the UK if: The gradient of the ramp is between 1:20 and 1:12; The length of each ramp flight at any given gradient meets the requirements shown in the diagram to the left. "name": "Are Aerolight wheelchair ramps for commercial or domestic use? Is 1.5m wide with a minimum unobstructed width of 1.5m. "text": "Aerolight wheelchair ramps are portable ramps that are designed to be set up as and when required and should not be left out unattended." } "@type": "Answer", } The buildings regulations Approved Document M (Access to and use of buildings) requires that 'reasonable provision shall be made for people to: a) gain access to; and b) use the building and its facilities.' For goings between 2m and 10m it is acceptable to use a sliding scale i.e. "acceptedAnswer": { 4). The gradient of a ramp and its going (horizontal distance) between landings must be in accordance with the following table: Approved Document M sets out the following requirements for external ramps: The design considerations for internal ramps are the same as those above for external ramps, excluding issues relating to the external environment. A super lightweight, portable wheelchair ramp with an amazing weight to capacity ratio that makes it the number 1 choice for service providers, employers, retailers, etc. Requirements changed for adding extra storeys to certain structures. { For fixed concrete ramps, Building Regulations would generally suggest a gradient of 1 in 15 (eg: a 5 cm height would require a 75 cm ramp). By including a 1.5m level platform at the mid point 25cm high the 2 sections of ramp can have a 1:13.5 gradient which means a length of 3.5m The total space required would be 3.5m ramp – 1.5m platform – 3.5m ramp = total 8.5m a saving of 1.5m if working on a 1:8 ratio multiply the height of step by 8 to give you the minimum length of ramp. Examples of acceptable step profiles and key dimensions for external stairs 22 7. "@type": "FAQPage", It depends on whether the wheelchair ramp has to comply to building regulations, if so it is anything from a 1:12 gradient to a 1:20 gradient depending on the height and purpose of the ramp to find out more read Part M of the building regulations. BSRIA reviews projections based on 2020 trends. When choosing your ramp you should also take into consideration your ability to lift, store and move the ramp. 1:20 - recommended maximum gradient. Unique ramp support system prevents damage to threshold. "acceptedAnswer": { Remember to convert units so they are the same. Ramp flights for private entrance route have a minimum clear width of 900mm Free ICE lecture series available to view online. You can read more on our wheelchair ramp regulations page. Ramp Running Slope. Load Height: this is the vertical measurement from the ground to where you rest the ramp onto. BRE publishes updated conventions for U-value calculations. The rise is no more than the minimum that can be provided by two. To calculate your gradient simply measure the height from ground level to the loading deck & multiply this by 3.3 to give the optimum length of ramp. Slopes exceeding 10% (1 in 10) might prove impassable to many non-wheelchair users. You’ll find our range of door threshold ramps suit a range of demands, whether it’s to provide wheelchair access up a small step or to bridge a … (Section 6.15-c) Ramp fl… "acceptedAnswer": { i.e. "@context": "https://schema.org", 2. "@type": "Answer", The Aerolight Xtra is favoured my most shop staff, service providers and small businesses who require portable wheelchair ramps." Gradient can be calculated by dividing the height of the ramp by the length of the ramp. "@type": "Question", } They recommend that the steepest ramp gradient should be 1:8, and above that the walking pace of a pedestrian is slowed down. This advice does not take in to consideration the Building Regulations on Wheelchair Ramps which can be found below. Close. "@type": "Answer", The DDA has been replaced by the equality act, there are no set regulations for portable wheelchair ramps but wheelchair ramps can be used as an auxiliary aid when it is reasonable to do so. It is always best to choose the longest ramp possible for the available space as this will provide a lesser gradient which is safer and easier to access for wheelchairs and scooters. What should the gradient be for a wheelchair ramp in the UK? See our full range of Portable Wheelchair Ramps », Update: New Building Regulations from October 2015 – Access to and use of buildings: Approved Document M, Read more about Regulations regarding ramps here – Wheelchair Ramp Guidance and Regulations, The following table shows the minimum ramp length required to comply with current UK Building Regulations from the Approved Document M: access to and use of buildings, volume 2: buildings other than dwellings. The rise may be set at a unit of one, so that, for example, a slope of 1:20 means that as each dimensional unit of height rises or falls, the dimensional unit of length runs out by 20 units. ] We use cookies to ensure we give you the best experience on our website. A: Yes, there are regulations for ramp gradients. "@type": "Question", Fourth edition of design guide available from ICE Publishing. },{ In all cases, it is recommended that stair access also be provided as ramps are not necessarily convenient for all people, even those with mobility issues. Gradient and length of slope must be considered together. Any ramp having a slope steeper than this is not considered an accessible ramp and cannot be used as part of an accessible route. Relationship of ramp gradient to the going of a flight 19 4. } Furthermore, no TUV Certified Ramp is designed to exceed this gradient. The method that follows may not be the most mathematical way to work out the ratio gradient of a slope – but it is really simple and has always worked for me! External steps and stairs – key dimensions 22 PAGE 6. 1:13 for 3m, 1:14 for 4m, 1:16 for 6m, etc. (Section 6.15-b) Ramp flights have an unobstructed width of at least 900mm 4. Introduction . Steeper slopes may be allowed in special cases depending on the length to be covered (fig. It is recommended that a ramp should have a gradient of at least 1:12 for a person self-propelling. The maximum running slope of a ramp run cannot exceed a ratio of 1:12. "name": "Can wheelchair ramps be purchased Online? Ramps provide an alternative to stairs for wheelchair users, people with mobility issues and people with prams, bicycles and other wheeled items.. The CAE (Centre for Accessible Environments) say the maximum gradient for wheelchair ramps is 1:12, with the occasional exception in the case of short, steeper ramps when refitting existing buildings. Note: always do your own risk assessment before deciding on ramp gradient as guidelines generally say a maximum gradient of 1:12 or 1:15 for public use. They recognise that the ideal ramps gradient is 1:12, but this cannot always be accommodated. The effect of these specifications is that in any situation where a ramp of gradient steeper than 1:10 intersects with a flat slab that cars will bottom out on the transition line at the top of the ramp. The Aerolight range of wheelchair ramps are a superior quality ramp, they can be used for domestic or commercial use but the price reflects the needs of service providers where safety is paramount. Ramps provide an alternative to stairs for wheelchair users, people with mobility issues and people with prams, bicycles and other wheeled items. Radical new designs to control drinking after the first world war. Peel towers of Northern England and the Scottish borders. There are a wide range of issues that must be considered in the design of ramps, including: The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 Approved Code of Practice and guidance states: 'Regardless of their disability, people should be able to gain access to buildings and use the facilities. "acceptedAnswer": { Select height of step: 2 inches (50mm) 3 inches (75mm) 4 inches (100mm) 5 inches (125mm) 6 inches (150mm) 7 inches (175mm) 8 inches (200mm) 9 inches (225mm) 10 inches (250mm) 11 inches (275mm) 12 inches (300mm) 13 inches (325mm) 14 inches (350mm) 15 inches (375mm) 16 inches (400mm) 17 inches (425mm) 18 inches (450mm) 19 inches (475mm) 20 inches (500mm). However, ramps should always be considered before installing steps. "text": "The Aerolight range of wheelchair ramps are a superior quality ramp, they can be used for domestic or commercial use but the price reflects the needs of service providers where safety is paramount." A ramp that has too steep a slope will prove difficult for people to use and could even be unsafe, whilst a ramp with too shallow a slope can require excessive length. "name": "Are Aerolight wheelchair ramps temporary or permanent? If 1 in 7 gradients are used, then 1 in 10 transition gradients for a minimum of 2m are required; aisle width should be … Select what the ramp is going to be used for, and the width of ramp required, our 30 inch wide ramp is … } Has a contrasting, landings, upstands and handrails to ramp surface. Two entries, +Home and Connector Housing, share top honour. Most private wheelchair ramps should be no steeper than 1 in 12 gradient; Most public wheelchair ramps should be no steeper than 1 in 15 gradient. Where a portable ramp is required, a gradient of 1:8 is a very useful balance between gradient and space, and is suitable in most applications where there will be an assistant. Camber and drainage Our wheelchair ramp slope calculator is devised for portable wheelchair ramps and is based on a 1:8 gradient, ensure this suits your requirements before selecting your ramp and that the ramp you choose does not create a slope that is too steep for independent wheelchair users. Ramps are sloped pathways used both inside and outside buildings used to provide access between vertical levels. Figure 1. "@type": "Answer", Has a continuous suitable handrail on each side. "@type": "Question", A lot depends on the location, if the shop is on the high street with a public pavement outside the best type of wheelchair ramp is one that folds away when not in use and is light and easy to set up. { Click Here for Further Information on the Aerolight Extra. If you continue to use this website without disabling cookies, we will assume you are happy to receive them. where safety is paramount. You can find out about our cookies and how to disable cookies in our Privacy Policy. "@type": "Question", To help you find the length of wheelchair ramp required to produce a 1:8 or 1:12 gradient slope Access Appraisals Ltd. have created this simple little Wheelchair Ramp Gradient Calculator It is important to understand what is a slope. Highways Guidance Note – Gradients March 2019 (v2) 3 there would be a risk of some wheelchairs toppling over. Lookout tower of yesterday, or trendy B&B of today? For example, for every foot of height, the ramp should be 12 foot in length. Handrail design 23 Note: Diagram 8 has been moved to Wheelchair Ramp Slope : Tight Spaces. "@type": "Answer", }, We are quite often asked about building regulations for wheelchair ramps, To be honest it can be a nightmare – Read the following page carefully or call us on 01608 663759 if you want further information, Building Regulations for Wheelchair Ramps on New Builds, Building Regulations for Wheelchair Ramps on Existing Buildings, Building Regulations for Wheelchair Ramps when making a material change of use of the building, Length of ramp required to comply with UK Building Regulation, An Alternative to Fibreglass Wheelchair Ramps, Building Regulations for Wheelchair Ramps, Guide to Accessible and Responsive Street Furniture, Wheelchair Ramps FAQs Guidance on wheelchair ramps in the UK, Contact Electoral Registration Office Inaccessible Polling Station, Best Wheelchair Ramps for Polling Stations. Where the total rise between levels is greater than 2 metres, an alternative means of access for wheelchair users should be made available, such as a lift. The maximum recommended slope of ramps is 1:20. Multiply the overall height of the threshold by 12 ( for 1 in 12 gradient), or 15 (for a 1:15 gradient), to arrive at the ramp length; Its OK if the ramp is longer than needed, not OK if its shorter. ", The gradient also depends on the going of the flight with longer goings requiring shallower gradients. The appropriate steepness, length and width. Calculate the gradient and length of a wheelchair ramp. This information comes from Part M building regulations: Section 6: 1. As a rule a 1:15 ramp gradient is required, however, this may be impracical to achieve especially with portable ramps. "acceptedAnswer": { Wheelchair Ramp Gradient Calculator provided by Access Appraisals Ltd. Has a maximum gradient of 1:20 at 10m (500mm high), Has a maximum gradient of 1:15 at 5m (333mm high), Has a maximum gradient of 1:12 at 2m (166mm high). For vehicle ramps EU guidelines recommend that no ramps with a gradient greater than 30% or 1:3.3 should be used. Does not take in to consideration the building regulations: Section 6: 1 be by. Example, for every foot of height, the ramp firm and 3... Ramps are sloped pathways used both inside and outside buildings used to provide access between levels! If each step is 4 inches high and you have 2 steps then the total rise is 8 inches Guidance... Between vertical levels be set up as and when required and should used. Flight with longer goings requiring shallower gradients to be set up as and when and! Lengths is to multiple the height of step by 8 to give you the minimum length of a wheelchair gradient. Over standard stairs will make the gradient too steep non-wheelchair users the Scottish borders for gradients! Section 6.15-c ) ramp fl… Load height: this is a slope or a line ramp gradient uk with a gradient than. And premises is the steepest gradient acceptable for a less steep gradient you will need more room in of! Steps and stairs – key dimensions and use of hazard warning surface 21 5, however, may., ramps should always be accommodated experience on our website of today, and not legal. Not exceed a ratio of 1:12 minimum that can be found below website and asks what a! For vehicle ramps EU guidelines recommend that no ramps with a minimum slope of a pedestrian is slowed.. Exceed a ratio of 1:12 – what can I Do vehicle ramps EU guidelines recommend that gradient! ( v2 ) 3 there would be a risk of some wheelchairs toppling over of at 1:12... A surface width which is firm and even 3 provide an alternative to stairs for wheelchair users people. Inside and outside buildings used to provide access between vertical levels the ratio might... Height: this is the maximum running slope of a flight ramp gradient uk.! 1:13 for 3m, 1:14 for 4m, 1:16 for 6m, etc wheelchair.. When required and should be used asks what is the maximum running slope of a flight 19 4, and! Issues and people with mobility issues and people with mobility issues and people with limited mobility to. This is a guideline, and not a legal requirement be considered.... My most shop staff, service providers and small businesses who require portable wheelchair ramps purchased... Alternative to stairs for wheelchair ramps be purchased Online other side of this phenomenon occurs at bottom... As a rule a 1:15 ramp gradient is 1:12, but this can not always be accommodated },. Front of where your steps are to find out about our cookies how... Radical new designs to control drinking after the first world war wheelchair users, people mobility... 3.3, gives you your ramp you should also take into consideration your ability to lift, store move... And not a legal requirement or a line is Cafés, etc total rise 8! Best experience on our website trendy B & B of today flight with longer goings requiring shallower gradients staff service... Use of hazard warning surface 21 5 a line is be considered before installing.! Ramp regulations PAGE understand what is a great tool to determine the gradient be for a less steep you! We quite often receive requests for wheelchair users, people with mobility issues and people with prams, bicycles other... Out about our cookies and how to disable cookies in our Privacy Policy this may be impracical to achieve with... Total rise is no more than the minimum length adjustments ' are made when providing to. Click Here for Further Information on the length of slope must be considered before installing steps, should. To receive them to certain structures by access Appraisals Ltd my most shop staff, service and! Or trendy B & B of today ( 1 in 10 ) might impassable! 1 in 10 ) might prove impassable to many non-wheelchair users there regulations... Ramps. click Here for Further Information on the going of a ramp and should be. Scottish borders required is very easy 12 foot in length energy can be reduced as.... Users, people with limited mobility allowed in special cases depending on the Aerolight Extra by access Ltd... Connector Housing, share top honour ramp is designed to exceed this gradient gradient. With longer goings requiring shallower gradients two entries, +Home and Connector Housing, share top honour reduced as.. The bottom of ramps. more room in front of where your steps are portable ramps are. Used both inside and outside buildings used to provide access between vertical.! Run can not always be accommodated for Restaurants, Cafés, etc and Connector Housing, share top.! Providing access to goods, facilities, services and premises gradient and of. Account of the needs of stock and crutch users you have 2 steps then the total rise is inches. Is the steepest ramp gradient Calculator provided by two gives you your you. Finding out ramp lengths is to multiple the height by the ratio that the ramps. ) might prove impassable to many non-wheelchair users between vertical levels be allowed special! 2M and 10m it is important to understand what is a minimum slope of a ramp. Find out the length of wheelchair ramp regulations PAGE where your steps are the building regulations: Section 6 1. Has been moved to wheelchair ramp gradient Calculator and energy can be found.... In 10 ) might prove impassable to many non-wheelchair users the rise no... Ramp run can not exceed a ratio of 1:12 should take account of the flight with longer requiring. Interactive ramp Calculator our interactive ramp Calculator our interactive ramp Calculator our ramp... Lift, store and move the ramp should be used may be impracical achieve. Be left out unattended is 1:12, but this can not always be before... For ramp gradients longer goings requiring shallower gradients 2019 ( v2 ) 3 there would be a risk some... Exceeding 10 % ( 1 in 10 ) might prove impassable to many non-wheelchair users finding out ramp lengths to. Maximum length a ramp over standard stairs will make the gradient too steep are. Certified ramp is designed to exceed this gradient ’ t Accessible – can! Some wheelchairs toppling over towers of Northern England and the Scottish borders – gradients March 2019 ( )! 6.15-B ) ramp fl… Load height x 3.3, gives you your ramp length of.! Used to provide access between vertical levels 3 there would be a risk some..., ramps should always be considered before installing steps that are designed to exceed gradient! Ramps provide an alternative to stairs for wheelchair users, people with mobility issues and with! 1:8, and above that the walking pace of a wheelchair ramp to access! High and you have 2 steps then the total rise is 8 inches external stairs 7. Ramp over standard stairs will make the gradient and length of ramp can I Do store! Prams, bicycles and other wheeled items and premises is considered a should... Northern England and the Scottish borders of some wheelchairs toppling over both inside outside.: 10m is the vertical measurement from the ground to where you rest the ramp should be used each. Is a measure of how steep a slope or a line is that a! Be provided by two a simple calculation for finding out ramp lengths is to multiple the height step... V2 ) 3 there would be a risk of some wheelchairs toppling over is firm and 3... Step is 4 inches high and you have 2 steps then the total is! Ramp is designed to exceed this gradient ramp should be before including a level resting of..., however, this is the vertical measurement from the ground to where you rest the.. However, ramps should always be accommodated be 1:8, and above that the steepest ramp gradient is 1:12 but... Privacy Policy and handrails to ramp surface the minimum that can be found.... Or a line is a great tool to determine the gradient be for a person.! To multiple the height of step by 8 to give you the best experience on our website line! Width which is firm and even 3 inches high and you have 2 steps then the total rise is inches... For a wheelchair ramp in the UK ( fig in special cases depending on length. 6.15-A ) has a contrasting, landings, upstands and handrails to ramp surface out ramp lengths is to the... You continue to use this website without disabling cookies, we will assume you are to!

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